Pink Tide In Latin America
This research article is written by Swastika sona who is a law student of Xavier Law School, Xavier Institute Of Management University, Bhubaneswar.
ABSTRACT
This research article on
topic “New social movement with special reference to the pink tide in Latin
America” is an in depth analysis of new social movement that emerged after
the World War II . A special light has
been thrown to bring out the nature and the structure of the new social
movement.
A separate study has been done to discover the reasons behind the
rise of new social movement. A lots of efforts has been put to analyze pink
tide movement in Latin America in the light of new social movement. The reasons
that led to the rise of pink tide movement in
Latin America are well discussed. The objective and the
strategy adopted in this entire new form of political wave are discussed to their best .
This project work takes
us to a long journey where we could discover all the concepts of new social
movements with reference to pink movement of Latin America.
INTRODUCTION
New social movement is
among one of the most discussed concepts of today’s time. It is a center of
study for many political science philosopher and researchers. It emerged after
the end of World War II and got to spread all over the world[1].
New social movement can be labeled as an international movement because during
the late 1960s it emerged in almost all the developing nations of the world.
Even though it emerged very rapidly in Western countries however its root could
be found in almost entire world. There are many popular regions cited for the
emergence of this entirely new form of movement. Social deprivation continued
as one of the major problems for the many developing nations of the world after
the World War II. There was lack of health infrastructure, proper sanitation
and many types of administrative loopholes in almost half of the developing
nations of the world. There was widespread communicable diseases among
children’s and no vaccination available to protect them[2].
Two third families of rural area faced acute shortage of safe drinking water and there
was no proper sanitation facilities available to them .corruption increased
like wildfire in many nations[3].
It was the under privileged section of the society who suffered most because of
all these widespread problems. As a result of it many new protests and
movements emerged from the underprivileged section of the society.
The new social movement was particularly concerned about women’s right, education ,proper health and nutrition, fair justice system establishment of peace in society etc. The approach of new social movement was certainly different and unique from that of all the previous social movements. The main objective of new social movement is to bring about a social change or transformation within the society rather than acquiring any state power.
STRUCTURE OF NEW SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
New social movement is of
complex structure and had well-organized
strategy to work on. There are many steps involved that the organizer of the
movement has to follow. Mainly there are
three steps :
(a)
Diagnosis[1]: This is the first and the foremost step that
organizers of the movement has to undertake. Under this step the organizers had
to recognize the issues and the problems persistent in the society that
requires to be addressed making them as their aim to achieve it and planning to
make a public issue.
(b)
Prognosis[2]: This
is the second step and here the main concern is about finding out the solution
to the issues identified.
(c)
Motivation[3]:
it is the third and the last step that actors had to perform. In this stage
focus is given on finding a mechanism that people need to adopt to bring
necessary changes.
Reasons for rise of new social movements
There are many factors which has led to the emergence
of new social movement around the globe and few of them are well discussed
below:
(a)
Urbanization: urbanization
is one of the major factors that favored the emergence of new social movement.
Due to urbanization a large population from countryside migrated to cities and
settled over there. This new settlement in cities increased the interaction of people with one another
having similar mindset and interest. These people interacted freely and
discussed about their common problems. Thus it was very easy for them to
mobilize and Unite for a movement.
(b)
Democracy: Democracy provides
many rights to their citizens such as freedom of speech and expression, freedom
of movement etc. and these freedoms proved as a catalyst for new social
movement. People could freely assemble ,discuss their problems needs and
demands and these things helped movement to grow and flourish.
(c)
Spread
of Communication technologies: With the popularisation of new
communication methods it became easier to reach out a large mass of people and activate
a social movement. From the pamphlets to telephones each mode of communication
helped in brushing up new movements.
(a)
Industrialization: Industrialization
led to the establishment of large number of industries in many European
countries. This led large number of
workforce to gather at same place which in turn helped them to come up with the
problems of the working class on a public platform.
PINK
TIDE IN LATIN AMERICA
pink
tide emerged in Latin America during the period of late 1990s And it is
popularly known as “left turn movement”. Pink tide movement was a new political
trend that emerged which led to the establishment of leftist government in
Latin America[1].
This political wave of pink tide was completely different from all the previous
forms of movement that Latin America has witnessed. There are many popular
leaders who contributed largely in spreading this movement and they are
referred as left learning leaders. Some popular names include Michael Bachelet
in Chile Lula de Silva from Brazil if you moralis who worked in Bolivia etc.
These leaders worked intensively to popularize this movement and contributed in
many ways.
The
main objective of this pink tide movement is to focus on social welfare
programs for the upliftment of society. The policies are designed in such a way
as to uplift the downtrodden and the unprivileged sections of the society and
it is one of the major regions for getting mass support from the unprivileged
section of the society[2] Nationalizing
of foreign companies emerged as a major political slogan that set people into
action.
There
are many regions cited for the rise of pink tide in Latin America. Few writers
and philosophers argues that it emerged because of the massive societal
mobilization after the end of the dictatorship. Radical privatization is also
discussed as one of the major factor in promoting this political wave. The other major reason for flourishing this
political tide is the emergence of anti global movement from the world social
forum. With the rise of this anti global movement labor movements got
strengthened and different traditional trade unions and civil society started
uniting themselves. These things favored the rise of new political wave in the
Latin America.
Under
the wave of pink tide ,Latin America saw tremendous social improvement and
upliftment. During this period different
programs was designed for poverty reduction, women empowerment and social
equality. Many steps were taken to protect the black minorities people from
being exploited and for providing them equal status in the society.
There
were major political outcomes of this movement. After the leftist government
took control there was hike in commodity prices which in turn proved to be a
great source for funding their various welfare programs and policies[3].
The action of the leftist government led to the establishment of sustainable
economy. The leftist government brought with it more social oriented government
which focused its attention on improving the social condition and uplifting the
down trodden section of the people.[4]
[1]
Pimenta G.F & Arantes P.C (2014,
p.2,3)
[2]
Silva S.D ( 2017,Oct 17) The Ebb and flow of Latin America's ‘pink tide ' https://www.21global.ucsb.edu/global-e/october-2017/ebb-and-flow-latin-america%E2%80%99s-pink-tide
[1]
( Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)
[2]
(Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.79 )
[3]
(Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.79 )
[1]
( Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)
[2]
(Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)
[3]
(Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)
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