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Pink Tide In Latin America

 

This  research article is written by Swastika sona who is a law student of Xavier Law School, Xavier Institute Of Management University, Bhubaneswar. 



ABSTRACT

 

This research article on topic “New social movement with special reference to the pink tide in Latin America” is an in depth analysis of new social movement that emerged after the World War II .  A special light has been thrown to bring out the nature and the structure of the new social movement.

 

 

A separate study  has  been done to discover the reasons behind the rise of new social movement. A lots of efforts has been put to analyze pink tide movement in Latin America in the light of new social movement. The reasons that led to the rise of  pink  tide movement   in Latin  America   are well discussed. The objective and the strategy adopted  in this entire  new form of political wave  are discussed to their best .

 

This project work takes us to a long journey where we could discover all the concepts of new social movements with reference to pink movement of Latin America.


INTRODUCTION

 

New social movement is among one of the most discussed concepts of today’s time. It is a center of study for many political science philosopher and researchers. It emerged after the end of World War II and got to spread all over the world[1]. New social movement can be labeled as an international movement because during the late 1960s it emerged in almost all the developing nations of the world. Even though it emerged very rapidly in Western countries however its root could be found in almost entire world. There are many popular regions cited for the emergence of this entirely new form of movement. Social deprivation continued as one of the major problems for the many developing nations of the world after the World War II. There was lack of health infrastructure, proper sanitation and many types of administrative loopholes in almost half of the developing nations of the world. There was widespread communicable diseases among children’s and no vaccination available to protect them[2]. Two third families of rural area faced  acute shortage of safe drinking water and there was no proper sanitation facilities available to them .corruption increased like wildfire in many nations[3]. It was the under privileged section of the society who suffered most because of all these widespread problems. As a result of it many new protests and movements emerged from the underprivileged section of the society.

 

 

The new social movement was particularly concerned about women’s right, education ,proper health and nutrition, fair justice system establishment of peace in society etc. The approach of new social movement was certainly different and unique from that of all the previous social movements. The main objective of new social movement is to bring about a social change or transformation within the society rather than acquiring any state power.


STRUCTURE OF NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

 

New social movement is of complex structure and had   well-organized strategy to work on. There are many steps involved that the organizer of the movement has to follow. Mainly  there are three steps :

 

(a)             Diagnosis[1]:  This is the first and the foremost step that organizers of the movement has to undertake. Under this step the organizers had to recognize the issues and the problems persistent in the society that requires to be addressed making them as their aim to achieve it and planning to make a public issue.

 

(b)             Prognosis[2]: This is the second step and here the main concern is about finding out the solution to the issues identified.

 

 

 

(c)             Motivation[3]: it is the third and the last step that actors had to perform. In this stage focus is given on finding a mechanism that people need to adopt to bring necessary changes.

 


Reasons for rise of new social movements

 

There are many factors which has led to the emergence of new social movement around the globe and few of them are well discussed below:

 

(a)             Urbanization: urbanization is one of the major factors that favored the emergence of new social movement. Due to urbanization a large population from countryside migrated to cities and settled over there. This new settlement in cities increased  the interaction of people with one another having similar mindset and interest. These people interacted freely and discussed about their common problems. Thus it was very easy for them to mobilize and Unite for a movement.

 

(b)             Democracy: Democracy provides many rights to their citizens such as freedom of speech and expression, freedom of movement etc. and these freedoms proved as a catalyst for new social movement. People could freely assemble ,discuss their problems needs and demands and these things helped movement to grow and flourish.

 

(c)                Spread of Communication technologies: With the popularisation of new communication methods it became easier to  reach out a large mass of people and activate a social movement. From the pamphlets to telephones each mode of communication helped in brushing up new movements.

 

(a)             Industrialization: Industrialization led to the establishment of large number of industries in many European countries. This led  large number of workforce to gather at same place which in turn helped them to come up with the problems of the working class on a public platform.

 

           PINK TIDE IN LATIN AMERICA

 

pink tide emerged in Latin America during the period of late 1990s And it is popularly known as “left turn movement”. Pink tide movement was a new political trend that emerged which led to the establishment of leftist government in Latin America[1]. This political wave of pink tide was completely different from all the previous forms of movement that Latin America has witnessed. There are many popular leaders who contributed largely in spreading this movement and they are referred as left learning leaders. Some popular names include Michael Bachelet in Chile Lula de Silva from Brazil if you moralis who worked in Bolivia etc. These leaders worked intensively to popularize this movement and contributed in many ways.

 

The main objective of this pink tide movement is to focus on social welfare programs for the upliftment of society. The policies are designed in such a way as to uplift the downtrodden and the unprivileged sections of the society and it is one of the major regions for getting mass support from the unprivileged section of the society[2] Nationalizing of foreign companies emerged as a major political slogan that set people into action.

 

 

There are many regions cited for the rise of pink tide in Latin America. Few writers and philosophers argues that it emerged because of the massive societal mobilization after the end of the dictatorship. Radical privatization is also discussed as one of the major factor in promoting this political wave.  The other major reason for flourishing this political tide is the emergence of anti global movement from the world social forum. With the rise of this anti global movement labor movements got strengthened and different traditional trade unions and civil society started uniting themselves. These things favored the rise of new political wave in the Latin America.

 

Under the wave of pink tide ,Latin America saw tremendous social improvement and upliftment. During this period  different programs was designed for poverty reduction, women empowerment and social equality. Many steps were taken to protect the black minorities people from being exploited and for providing them equal status in the society.

 

There were major political outcomes of this movement. After the leftist government took control there was hike in commodity prices which in turn proved to be a great source for funding their various welfare programs and policies[3]. The action of the leftist government led to the establishment of sustainable economy. The leftist government brought with it more social oriented government which focused its attention on improving the social condition and uplifting the down trodden section of the people.[4]

 


[1] ( Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)

[2]  (Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.79 )

[3] (Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.79 )

 


[1] ( Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)

[2] (Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)

[3] (Mohanty Biswaranjan,2017,p.75)



 

 

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